Double-lock composition shingle



Nov.

E. POWELL 3,283,463

DOUBLE-LOCK COMPOSITION SHINGLE Filed May a, 1964 5 Sheets-Sheet l EnnisPowell ATTORNEY Nov. 8, 1966 E. POWELL DOUBLE-LOCK COMPOSITION SHINGLE SSheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 6, 1964 INVENTOR Ennis Powell ATTORNEY Nov. 8,1966 E. POWELL DOUBLE-LOCK COMPOSITION SHINGLE 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 FiledMay 6, 1964 INVENTOR Ennis Powell Fig.9

ATTORNEY United States Patent 3,283,463 DOUBLE-LOCK COMPOSITION SHIN GLEEnnis Powell, 1043 Ferncliif Trail, Dallas, Tex. Filed May 6, 1964, Ser.No. 365,447 3 Claims. (Cl. 52525) This invention relates to roofingmaterials, and particularly to roofing shingles generally formed of anasphaltic composition, or other material which is suitably flexiblewhile capable of withstanding the elements and are thus of the typeconventionally referred to as composition strip shingles.

Such shingles are usually die-cut from sheets of roofing materials whichare commonly fabricated into strips of predetermined length andgenerally about 36 inches wide, and rolled. The shingles of conventionaldesign comprise strips of the composition material which usually haveparallel top and bottom edges, and have elongated s-lots equi-distantlyspaced along the bottom edge and extending inwardly perpendicularlytherefrom, whereby a plurality of tabs are formed in each .strip so thatwhen the strips are applied to a pitched roof in the proper overlappingarangement the exposed tab portions thereof between the slots appear asindividual shingles.

This type of composition shingle is well known but has somedisadvantages which the present invention seeks to overcome. Theconventional strip shingles, unless the individual tabs are secured inplace, as by nailing, cementing, or other means, they are subjected tothe damaging action of strong winds and torn away, or rain and snow canbe trapped thereunder and penetrate to the roof decking.

The invention has for its primary object the provision of a stripshingle of the character described wherein is embodied interlockingfeatures whereby, when the unitary strips are installed, each is firmlyinterconnected to its adjacent strips in such manner as to preclude thenecessity for securing the exposed tab elements and, in effect, providean integrated roof covering having a pleasing and uniform appearance.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a strip shingle whichcan be die-cut from standard widths of composition material with aminimum of waste, and in a continuous cutting operation, whereby theangular edges and interlocking tabs are uniformly shaped and accuratelylocated.

An object of the invention resides in the provision of a strip shinglewhose interlocking features are shaped and located in a manner wherebythe leading edges of the exposed portions of the strip will direct rainwater and melting snow away from the interlocked junctures between thestrip and, by reason of an arrangement of obtuse angles along thedepending edge of each exposed tab, forming the interlocking element, aneffective water shed is provided.

Another and important object of the invention is that of providing astrip shingle in which the upper angular edge thereof is formed with aseries of serrations calculated to prevent any water, which may find itsway beneath the overlapping course, from traversing the length of thestrip, and to deflect its path downwardly over the underlying strip.

Broadly, the invention contemplates the provision of a compositionshingle structure which can be economically produced, capable of easyapplication by persons of ordinary skill, and affording a substantialand durable integrated roof cover.

While the foregoing objects are par-amount, other and lesser objectswill become apparent as the description proceeds when considered inconnection with the appended drawings wherein:

Patented Nov. 8, 1966 FIGURE 1 is a perspective illustration of a stripshingle embodying the invention.

FIGURE 2 is a schematic illustration showing the manner in which theshingle is die-cut from a continuous strip of conventional compositionroofing, the latter being illustrated by hatched lines.

FIGURE 3 is a plan view of a shingle embodying the invention,illustrating the several angular cuts and slots.

FIGURE 4 fragmentarily illustrates the installation of the initial rakestrips in the first course along the cave of a roof, the bottom elementbeing shown partially in broken lines.

FIGURE 5 diagrammatically illustrates a plurality of interlocked strips,portions of which are shown in broken lines.

FIGURE 6 is another diagrammatic illustration, partially in brokenlines, showing a plurality of courses of the strips in interlockedrelationship, and showing the several courses extending progressivelybeyond the rake edge of the roof.

FIGURE 7 illustrates an installation of several courses of the shinglestrip wherein the interlocked tabs are offset vertically.

FIGURE 8 is a plan view of a strip shingle embodying the invention buthaving dimensions between the slots and interlocking elements greaterthan those of the shingle shown in FIGURE 3 whereby to provide the roofpattern of FIGURE 7, and

FIGURE 9 illustrates a roof pattern in which the interlocking joints arealigned vertically in alternate courses.

The invention comprises a unitary strip 10, as shown in FIGURES 1, 3 and8, and has an irregular peripheral outline defining two shingle tabs 11and 12 Whose'bot- .tom edges 13 are in parallel planes spaced apart a-distance equal to the width of each course when the strip 10 is appliedto a roof in the manner shown in FIG- URES 6, 7 and 9.

The free lateral edges 14 and 15 of the tabs 11 and 12, respectively,are inclined outwardly and upwardly at obtuse angles from the bottomedges 13 thereof, and each of the lateral edges 14 and 15 has a slot 16formed there in intermediate their lengths which are directed inwardlyand downwardly and become slightly narrower at their inner ends. Slots17 and 18 are formed in each of the bottom edges 13 of the tabs 11 and12, respectively, and these are perpendicular thereto. The slot '17 inthe tab 11 is spaced from the angular free edge 14 of the tab 12, andthe slot 18 is spaced inwardly from the end 19 of the tab 12 whichopposes the free edge 15 thereof, as shown in FIGURES 1, 3 and 8. Thepurpose for the slots 17 and 18 will presently become apparent.

At the upper terminal of the free edge 14 of the tab 11 the strip 10 hasan angular projection 20, the outer edge of which is perpendicular tothe planes of the lower edges 13 of the tabs 11 and 12, while the upperedge is parallel thereto, defining a right-angular offset 21 in the end22 of the strip 10 above the projection 20. The upper edge 23 of thestrip 10 is biased downwardly from the end 22 thereof to the oppositeend 24 and has a series of equidistantly spaced serrations 25 formedtherealong, and whose function will be presently described. -Arightangular offset 26 is provided at the lower portion of the end 24 ofthe strip 10 by reason of its extension beyond the end 19 of the tab 12.

Thes trip 10 is formed in such manner as to be die-cut from a continuousstrip 27 of composition material with 3 in certain areas, as forexample, the locations of the slots 17 and 18, asexemplified in FIGURES3 and 8, in order to provide the roof patterns shown respectively inFIG- URES 7 and 9. In FIGURE 7 the joints 28 between the tabs 11 and 12are progressively otfset as the courses are applied and are not invertical alignment with respect to the, horizontal arrangement of thecourses, while the joints 28 of the roof pattern shown in FIGURE 9 arealigned vertically in alternate courses.

In applying the unitary strips 10 to a roof the. first course 29 alongthe edge or cave thereof is initiated by nailing a segment 30 of thestrip 10 thereto at the lower left-hand corner of the roof, as shown inbroken lines in FIGURES 4,5 and 6, the segment 30 being that portion ofthe shingle unit 10 at the narrow end 24 thereof which is cut oif at therake edge 31 of the roof along the broken line 32, shown in FIGURES 3and 8.

ond .unit-10 is applied over the segment 30 and is cut off at the brokenline 33 intermediate the ends of the strip 10, v as shown in FIGURES 3and 8, or at the rake edge 31 of f the roof, the hook element 34, formedby the inclined slot 16, being interlocked with the perpendicular slot18 I in the segment 30, as indicated in dotted lines in FIG- URES 4, and6, and secured by nails 35 at the locations indicated at 36 in FIGURES 3and 8.

The sec- Overlapping the second strip 10, which is that portion of theunitary strip between the broken lines 32 and 33 (FIGURES 3 and 8) is athird unit 10 whose hook ele- 3 ment 34 is interlocked with the slot 18of the second strip 10, its wider end 22 extending beyond the rake edge31 j of the roof to be trimmed off, as shown in FIGURE 5 partially inbroken lines. the full length of the cave of the roof every othershingle k unit 10 consists of that portion only which includes the tab12, and between the broken line 33 and thenarrow Incompleting the firstcourse end 24, as shown in broken and solid lines in FIGURES I 5 and 6,the alternate units comprising the entire strip 10.

After the first course is applied, the succeeding courses 1 can beeasily applied by the simple act of interlocking I the hook elements 34with the corresponding slot 17 or 18 of the strip units 10 of the lowercourses. hook elements 34 are interlocked with the respective slots Whenthe 17 and 18, the unitary strips 10 will become properly alignedlongitudinally and the tabs 11 and 12 will be uniformly exposedproviding a roof pattern such as illusj trated in either FIGURE 7 or 9.

The angular edges 14 and of the strips 10 will direct The serrationsformed along the downwardly in- I clined top edge 23 of the shinglestrips 10 are provided to deflect any water which might enter betweenthe laminations, as by blowing rain, or the like, downwardly over 1 thesurfaces of the shingles, the serrations 25 interrupting the stream andpreventing it from traversing the length of j the strip 10 to enter ajoint between it and its adjacent strip.

7 The invention is obviously capable of certain changes 1 in design andstructure without departing from the spirit 1 and intent thereof or thescope of the appended claims.

What is-claimed is: 1. An interlocking strip shingleformed of pliablema- 1 terial and having an irregular. marginal outline defining aplurality of shingle tabs along one side, the said tabs being straightalong their lower edges longitudinally of said strip and offset inparallelplanes, the said ofiset being defined by an obtuse angularmarginal edge of said strip intermediate its ends in a planeintersecting the lower edges of said tabs to form a lateral edge of thelowermost tab, the lower portion of an end of said strip having anobtuse angular outline in a plane parallel to the angle of said oflsetand forming a lateral edge of the upper, tab, a slot formed in the loweredge of each tab and perpendicular thereto and spaced from the angularlateral edge thereof, each of said angular lateral edges having a slotformed therein and extending inwardly and downwardly for interlockingengagement with one of said perpendicular slots in an identicalassociated strip, the longitudinal marginal edge of said strip oppositesaid tabs being oblique to the lower edges of said tabs and having aseries of serrations spaced therealong.

2. A strip shingle of pliable material for interlocking arrangement on aroof, and having an irregular outline defining a plurality of shingletabs, the said tabs being straight along their lower edges in ofisetparallel planes longitudinally of said strip, a lateral edge of one ofsaid tabs being obtusely angular intermediate the ends of said strip ina plane intersecting the planes of the straight lower edges of said tabsand defining said offset, a portion of'one end of said strip beingobtusely angular in a plane parallel to that of said oifset and defininga lateral edge of the other tab, each of said tabs having a slot formedtherein perpendicular to the straight lower edge thereof,each of saidangular lateral edges of saidtabs having a downwardly and inwardlyinclined slot formed therein whereby to be interlocked with theperpendicular slots in the tabs of an associated strip, the edge of saidstrip opposite said tabs being oblique to the straight edges thereof andformed with a series of spaced serrations.

3. In a strip shingle of pliable material having an irregular angularoutline, one longitudinal edge of said strip having a plurality ofstraight portions in offset parallel planes, the said offset beingdefined by an obtuse angular portion in a plane intersecting said offsetparallel planes, one end of said strip having an obtuse angular portionin a plane parallel-to that of said olfset portion, each of saidstraight portions and said obtuse angular portions defining the lowerand lateral edges of a shingle tab, each of said tabs having a slot nearone end of and perpendicular to its lower edge, and having a downwardlyand inwardly inclined slot in its angular lateral edge whereby the slotsin said lateral edges. arecapable of interlocking engagement with theperpendicular'slots' in the lower edges of said tabs, the oppositelongitudinal edge of said strip being oblique to the planes of the loweredges of said tabs and having a series of spaced serrations therealong.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,655,880 10/1953 MacDonald 52525 2,728,309 12/1955 Abraham 4. 52 -525 ReferencesCited by the Applicant UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,655,880 10/ 1953MacDonald.

a HARRISON R. MOSELEY, Primary Examiner.

P. M. CAUN, Assistant Examiner.

3. IN A STRIP SHINGLE OF PLIABLE MATERIAL HAVING AN IRREGULAR ANGULAROUTLINE, ONE LONGITUDINAL EDGE OF SAID STRIP HAVING A PLURALITY OFSTRAIGHT PORTIONS IN OFFSET PARALLEL PLANES, THE SAID OFFSET BEINGDEFINED BY AN PARALLEL ANGULAR PORTION IN A PLANE INTERSECTING SAIDOFFSET PARALLEL PLANES, ONE END OF SAID STRIP HAVING AN OBTUSE ANGULARPORTION IN A PLANE PARALLEL TO THAT OF SAID OFFSET PORTION, EACH OF SAIDSTRAIGHT PORTIONS AND SAID OBTUSE ANGULAR PORTIONS DEFINING THE LOWERAND LATERAL EDGES OF A SHINGLE TAB, EACH OF SAID TABS HAVING A SLOT NEARONE END OF AND PERPENDICULAR TO ITS LOWER EDGE, AND HAVING A DOWNWARDLYAND INWARDLY INCLINED SLOT IN ITS ANGULAR LATERAL EDGE WHEREBY THE SLOTSIN SAID LATERAL EDGES ARE CAPABLE IN INTERLOCKING ENGAGEMENT WITH THEPERPENDICULAR SLOTS IN THE LOWER EDGES OF THE TABS, THE OPPOSITELONGITUDINAL EDGE OF SAID STRIP BEING OBLIQUE TO THE PLANES OF THE LOWEREDGES OF SAID TABS AND HAVING A SERIES OF SPACED SERRATIONS THEREALONG.